Survival and disinfection of SARS-Cov-2 in environment and contaminated surface

The detection of SARS-Cov-2 in the sewage and water resources has increased the awareness among the people about the possibility survival of SARS-Cov-2 in the environment and the potential to transmit into the human through food chain or water resources. Moreover, the surface contaminated by the virus need to be disinfected frequently by using an effective disinfectant, the current chapter discussed the efficiency of the most traditional treatment process of the sewage and wastewater, and their role in the elimination of the virus as well as the sterility assurance level concept. Moreover, the chemical disinfectant used currently and their temporary efficiency has been reviewed

A cognitive task approach on the influence of office automation software in secretarial practice

Inefficiency in secretarial services in the application of office automation software has been of great concern to both secretaries and their employers. This inefficiency causes unnecessary delays in information processing and dissemination in the organization. The problem is rooted from the secretaries’ lacking in appropriate application of cognitive skills, proficiency in information handling as well as working experiences, and these establish the problem statement of the study. One of the important gaps this study has bridged is establishing the key elements that can assist the secretaries to perform their office tasks effectively. Efforts made to identify similar studies on secretaries’ profession were to no avail perhaps due to its non-availability or absence. It was discovered that the secretary’s level of applying perception and attention during working hours is extremely limited which contributed to poor or slow pace of service delivery. The objectives of this study are to explore the secretaries office automation software cognitive task, to investigate elements of office automation software cognitive tasks that influence secretarial practice and to investigate how office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of tasks. Snowballing sampling was used to identify participants who have fulfilled a criterion set out in the study. Therefore, twelve (12) UTHM secretarial staff who are using office automation software in their office duties were chosen to participate in the study. The study employs qualitative method, thus interviews were carried out to collect data. Thematic data analysis was done using card index. Findings revealed that the secretaries need short and long term training in order to be relevant in their working places as well as to be updated in the use of office automation software. Further results revealed that office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of cognitive tasks. The result also revealed the development of components of office automation software cognitive tasks in secretarial practice. These components were used by the secretaries in the execution of tasks such as word processing, scheduling of appointments and other secretarial duties. Another important finding revealed that, technology has changed the working environment of the secretaries which has made it imperative for them to continue using office automation software in the execution of their tasks. This has brought the idea of how office automation software supports the secretaries in the execution of their office tasks

Spatial, Temporal, and Demographic Patterns in the Prevalence of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in 41 Countries in 2005–2019: A Systematic Analysis with Special Focus on the Potential Development of a New-Generation Vaccine

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2 is among the fatal bacterial diseases in cattle and buffaloes that are economically valuable in Asian and African countries. The current work aims to study the prevalence of HS among buffaloes, cattle, sheep, and goats in 41 countries in 2005–2019. The data analysis revealed that 74.4% of the total infection rate in the world was distributed among cattle, followed by buffaloes (13.1%). The mortality of HS among cattle and buffaloes increased in 2017–2019 compared to the period between 2014 and 2016. The best measure to control the disease is through vaccination programs. Current commercial vaccines, including live-attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines, have some shortcomings and undesirable effects. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have more potential as a vaccine platform due to their unique properties to enhance immune response and the ability to use them as a platform for foreign antigens against infectious diseases. VLPs-based vaccines are among the new-generation subunit vaccine approaches that have been licensed for the human and veterinary fields. However, most studies are still in the late stages of vaccine evaluation

Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) in early stages of the pandemic; overview

The novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) Pandemic has been traced in China late 2019 and then transmitted into more than 165 countries. A total of 49 papers have been published in 20 journals during the last January and current February. These papers tried to explain the source of virus, the transmission route, genomic map and the similarity to previous viruses as well as the pathogenesis, symptoms and treatment methods. The huge numbers of the articles which were published on SARS-COV-2 make confusing for the readers. In this paper a systematic analysis was conducted for the published articles. The findings of these papers were summarized. Moreover, the chapter aimed to highlight the responses of scientists and Journals for the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. This chapter reviewed 25 peer viewed articles while hundreds article still in the preprint. It was appeared that the Lancet journal given an early alarm for SARS-COV-2. The first paper suggested Baricitinib as potential treatment for SARS-COV-2 acute respiratory disease was published on 3 February. In 16 January 2020, the genomic characteristics of the virus was published, followed by several papers on the diagnostic of the virus, pathogenicity and symptoms was more clear on 29 January. The Nature Journal was the fist which given an alarm for the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. In conclusion source of SARS-COV-2, treatment methods, as well as vaccines, pathogenicity of the virus in the patient with other virus infections, transmission to fetus in the pregnant women still need more investigation